Александра С. Максимовић, Универзитет у Крагујевцу, Природно-математички факултет Крагујевац, Србија, имејл: aleksandra.maksimovic@pmf.kg.ac.rs
Александар З. Миленковић, Универзитет у Крагујевцу, Природно-математички факултет Крагујевац, Србија
Филип Г. Сташевић, Универзитет у Крагујевцу, Природно-математички факултет Крагујевац, Србија
Иновације у настави, XXXVII, 2024/3, стр. 29–42

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DOI: 10.5937/inovacije2403029M

Резиме: Бројна истраживања указују на специфичну дихотомију присутну у тренутним друштвеним околностима. Са једне стране, наглашава се да су знања из природних наука нужна за напредак друштва, док су, са друге стране, очигледни показатељи пада интересовања ученика за математику, физику, биологију и хемију. У том контексту се као релевантно отвара питање анализе континуитета интересовања ученика за наставне предмете. Ранија истраживања ученичких перцепција наставних предмета нису посебно узимала у обзир смер ученика у средњој школи и став према предметима. Циљ овог рада је испитивање перцепција ученика гимназија о образовном искуству у основној школи, пратећи разлике између одговора ученика уписаних на смерове на којима се интензивније изучавају математика и природне науке у односу на остале ученике. Истраживање је реализовано на узорку од 1045 ученика четири гимназије из Крагујевца и Новог Сада. Подаци су прикупљени путем електронског упитника и, између осталог, испитани су: општи успех ученика у основној школи, омиљени предмет и перцепција тежине, корисности и занимљивости садржаја наставних предмета у основној школи. Резултати показују да ученици који уписују природно-математатички и смерове специјализоване за математику, информатику, физику, биологију и хемију имају бољи општи школски успех од осталих ученика и у значајно већој мери су им омиљени предмети математика, информатика и физика. Додатно, математику, информатику, физику и хемију, али не и биологију, ови ученици доживљавају знатно мање тешким, и истовремено их оцењују занимљивијим и кориснијим предметима у односу на остале ученике.

Кључне речи: преференције ученика, чиниоци усмерења, гимназија, природне науке, математика

Summary: Numerous studies point to the presence of a specific dichotomy in contemporary circumstances. On the one hand, it is emphasized that the knowledge of natural sciences is necessary for the progress of society. On the other hand, there are clear indicators of a decline in students’ interest in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry. In this context, analysing the continuity of students’ interest in teaching subjects is raised as relevant. Previous research on students’ perceptions of different school subjects did not specifically take into account the students’ majors and their attitudes towards the subjects. This study aims to investigate the high school students’ perceptions of their educational experience in primary school, comparing the responses of the students enrolled in science-intensive programs to those of other students. We researched a sample of 1045 students from four high schools in Kragujevac and Novi Sad. Using an online questionnaire, we examined the following: the overall students’ achievement in primary school in terms of final grades, their favourite subject in primary school, and their perceptions of the difficulty, usefulness, and interest of the subjects in primary school. The results show that students enrolling in natural sciences and specialized programs in mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, and chemistry have better overall academic performance than other students. Moreover, they significantly prefer mathematics, computer science, and physics. Additionally, these students perceive mathematics, computer science, physics, and chemistry, but not biology, as considerably less difficult and rate them as more interesting and useful compared to other students.

Кeywords: students’ preferences, factors of orientation, high school, natural sciences, mathematics

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