Миља Б. Вујачић, Институт за педагошка истраживања, Београд, Србија, имејл: vujacicmilja@gmail.com
Рајка С. Ђевић, Институт за педагошка истраживања, Београд, Србија
Иновације у настави, XXXVI, 2023/1, стр. 54–69

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DOI: 10.5937/inovacije2301054V

Резиме: У нашој земљи ретка су истраживања која су у фокусу имала испитивање пријатељских односа међу вршњацима у оквиру школског контекста, посебно оних које остварују ученици који имају тешкоће у развоју. Стога, циљ нам је био да добијемо увид у квантитет остварених пријатељских односа међу ученицима у одељењима редовне основне школе и да испитамо у којој мери развојне специфичности ученика (ученик има тешкоће у развоју / ученик нема тешкоће у развоју), пол, узраст, општи успех и ниво образовања мајке и оца предвиђају остваривање пријатељстава са вршњацима. Учествовало је укупно 120 ученика (28 девојчица и 92 дечака) из 36 одељења четвртог и осмог разреда осам основних школа са територије града Београда. Половину укупног узорка чинили су ученици који имају тешкоће у развоју, а другу половину ученици који немају развојне тешкоће. Примењена је социометријска техника вршњачких номинација (пријатељски однос је остварен уколико два ученика један другог номинују у оквиру питања Наведи до три ученика из одељења са којима би волео/ла да се дружиш). У обради података, поред дескриптивне статистике, примењен је регресиони модел који припада генерализованим линеарним моделима (Поасонова регресија). Резултати указују на то да број остварених пријатељстава ученика расте са узрастом, бољим школским успехом и вишим нивоом образовања родитеља, те да ученици који немају развојне тешкоће остварују већи број пријатељских односа са вршњацима у поређењу са ученицима који имају тешкоће у развоју. Налази регресионог модела потврђују да узраст и развојне специфичности ученика статистички значајно предвиђају остваривање пријатељских односа са вршњацима, док то није потврђено за пол, школски успех и ниво образовања мајке и оца. За ученике који немају тешкоће у развоју већа је вероватноћа да остваре пријатељске односе у поређењу са вршњацима који имају развојне тешкоће. Такође, за ученике осмог разреда већа је вероватноћа да остваре узајамни избор са вршњацима од ученика четвртог разреда. Издвојене су кључне импликације и предлози за будућа истраживања.

Кључне речи: пријатељски односи, ученици, одељења редовне основне школе, социометријски упитник, регресиони модел

Summary: In our country, there have been few studies focusing on the exploraion of friendly relations among peers in the school context, especially those established among the pupils with developmental difficulties. Therefore, our goal was to get an insight into the quatity of the established friendly relations among pupils in regular primary school classes and to examine to what extent the developmental specificities of the pupils (pupils with developmental difficulties/pupils without developmental difficiulties), gender, age, general school achievement, and mother’s and father’s level of education predict friendships with peers. A total of 120 pupils (28 girls and 92 boys) from 36 classes of the fourth and eighth grades from eight primary schools from the territory of the city of Belgrade participated in our research. A half of the total sample consisted of pupils with developmental difficulties, while the other half consisted of pupils without developmental difficulties. We applied a socio-metric technique of peer nominations (a friendly relationship is established if two pupils nominate each other in the question „Name up to three pupils that you would like to be friends with“). In terms of data processing, apart from descriptive statistics, we applied a regression model that belongs to generalized linear models (Poisson’s regression). The results indicate that the number of established friendships increases with pupils’ age, better school achievement, and parents’ higher level of education, and that pupils without developmental difficulties make more friendships with their peers than pupils with developmental difficulties. The findings of the regression model confirm that age and developmental specificities statistically highly predict the level of peer friendships, whereas this was not confirmed relative to pupils’ gender, school achievement, and parents’ level of education. The pupils without developmental difficulties are more likely to make friends with their peers than the pupils with
developmental difficulties. In addition, the eighth-grade pupils are more likely to establish mutual friendships than the fourth-grade pupils. We selected the key implications and offer suggestions for
further research.

Кeywords: friendly relations, pupils, primary school classes, socio-metric questionnaire, regression model

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